• Imaging-driven diagnostic paradigm for rotator cuff pathology emerged, privileging ultrasound and sonography for detection and surgical correlation, with growing accuracy across several studies [5], [8], [10], [14], [19], [6], [20].

• Anatomical determinants such as acromion morphology and subacromial impingement emerged as central etiological drivers of rotator cuff tears, linking bone geometry to cuff pathology [12], [20].

• Surgical approaches and outcomes for rotator cuff disease evolved from open repair to reconstruction and prosthetic solutions, with outcome data guiding indications [16], [17], [9].

• Arthroscopy as diagnostic and therapeutic modality shaped shoulder pathology care, with early reports on arthroscopic findings and broader application in rotator cuff-related pathology [7], [1].